Resources

The wheel names seven areas of boundaries: physical, sexual, financial, non-negotiable, time, emotional, and spiritual.

The chart identifies six forms of abuse: physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, financial exploitation, neglect, and abandonment. Its definitions focus on vulnerable older adults and include harm, non-consensual contact, misuse of money or property, unmet necessities, and desertion by a responsible caregiver.

The diagram moves from honeymoon to tension to explosion, then back to honeymoon. Honeymoon examples include apologies, attention, and promises to change. Tension examples include threats, jealousy, control, and emotional distance. Explosion examples include intimidation, preventing someone from leaving, throwing things, and yelling.

The inner wheel groups conventional ACEs under abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction. It includes physical, emotional, and sexual abuse; physical and emotional neglect; and household experiences involving mental illness, an incarcerated relative, interpersonal violence, substance abuse, and divorce. The expanded outer ring adds bullying, community violence, neighbourhood safety, racism, and living in foster care.

The table groups physical, emotional, and sexual abuse in one column; physical and emotional neglect in a second; and mental illness, an incarcerated relative, a mother being treated violently, substance abuse, and divorce under household dysfunction.